Mumps Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Mumps, including details on symptoms, vaccine, adult, causes.

Role of genetic and environmental factors in British twins with inflammatory bowel disease.

Ng SC, Woodrow S, Patel N, Subhani J, Harbord M

Gastroenterology Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.

BACKGROUND: Twin studies provide insight into the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We assessed associations between childhood environmental factors and development of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in twins. METHODS: Questionnaires on clinical demographics and exposure to environmental factors were sent to twins with IBD, their healthy co-twins, and their doctors. Kappa statistics were used to examine agreement between twin pairs and odds ratios were calculated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: In all, 250 IBD twin pairs (122 CD; 125 UC; 3 CD/UC; 28 concordant pairs) were analyzed. Concordant monozygotic twins with CD showed good agreement for disease location (κ 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.00), disease behavior (κ 1.00; 95% CI: 0.43-1.00), and moderate agreement for age at diagnosis and need for medical and surgical therapy. Concordant monozygotic twins with UC showed good agreement for disease extent (κ 0.60; CI 0.13-1.00) and use of thiopurines (κ 0.73; CI 0.10-1.00). In discordant twins, symptomatic childhood mumps infection (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2-11.3) and oral contraceptives (OR, 4.0; 1.1-14.2) were associated with CD. Smoking was associated with CD (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-9.8) but inversely associated with UC (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9). Both CD and UC twins had suffered more "gastroenteritis" and spent more time with animals than their co-twins. CONCLUSIONS: Disease phenotype in CD and disease extent in UC appeared to be genetically influenced. Smoking is a risk factor for CD but is protective for UC. Early exposure to "infections" during childhood may be associated with the development of IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;).

Published 10 May 2011 in Inflamm Bowel Dis.
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Articles on Mumps published 10 May 2011:

Mumps outbreak in Israel's highly vaccinated society: are two doses enough?   Epidemiol Infect.

SUMMARYMumps outbreaks in recent years have given rise to questions about the effectiveness of the mumps vaccine. This study examined the epidemiological data from a recent mumps outbreak in Israel and from outbreaks in other countries with high vaccination coverage, and considered whether long-established vaccination policies designed to protect against mumps are in need of revision. Of over 5000 case patients in the Israeli outbreak, half of whom were in the Jerusalem health district, nearly ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Mumps published 9 May 2011:

Sero-prevalence of mumps antibodies in subpopulations subsequently affected by a large scale mumps epidemic in Israel.   Vaccine, 29(22): 3878-82.

[Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Mumps published 5 May 2011:

Gene-specific contributions to mumps virus neurovirulence and neuroattenuation.   J Virol.

Mumps virus (MuV) is highly neurotropic and was the leading cause of aseptic meningitis in the western hemisphere prior to widespread use of live attenuated MuV vaccines. Due to the absence of markers of virus neuroattenuation and neurovirulence, ensuring mumps vaccine safety has proven problematic, as demonstrated by the occurrence of aseptic meningitis in recipients of certain vaccine strains. Here we examined the genetic basis of MuV neuroattenuation and neurovirulence by generating a series ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Mumps published 4 May 2011:

Detection of platelet-binding anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies in infants with vaccine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura.   Vaccine.

A 15-month-old infant presented with thrombocytopenic purpura after sequential administration of measles-rubella combined vaccine, varicella vaccine and mumps vaccine every 4 weeks. Her thrombocytopenia persisted for more than 12 months. Both anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies were detected in the patient's-isolated platelets on day 154 of illness, which were not detected when there was a reduction of the serum IgG antibody titers on days 298 and 373 of illness, respectively.We ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

A large observational study to concurrently assess persistence of measles specific B-cell and T-cell immunity in individuals following two doses of MMR vaccine.   Vaccine.

The measurement of measles-specific neutralizing antibodies, directed against the surface measles virus hemagglutinin and fusion proteins, is considered the gold standard in measles serology. We assessed functional measles-specific neutralizing antibody levels in a racially diverse cohort of 763 young healthy adolescents after receipt of two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, by the use of an automated plaque reduction microneutralization (PRMN) assay, and evaluated their relevance to ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Mumps published 28 April 2011:

Replacing the measles ten-dose vaccine presentation with the single-dose presentation in Thailand.   Vaccine, 29(21): 3811-7.

Introduced to minimize open vial wastage, single-dose vaccine vials require more storage space and therefore may affect vaccine supply chains (i.e., the series of steps and processes involved in distributing vaccines from manufacturers to patients). We developed a computational model of Thailand's Trang province vaccine supply chain to analyze the effects of switching from a ten-dose measles vaccine presentation to each of the following: a single-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (which ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Characterization of mumps viruses circulating in mongolia: identification of a novel cluster of genotype h.   J Clin Microbiol, 49(5): 1917-25.

Although mumps virus is still causing annual epidemics in Mongolia, very few epidemiological and virological data have been reported. We describe here the first phylogenetic analysis data on the mumps viruses circulated in Mongolia in 2009. We detected 21 mumps virus cDNAs and obtained a virus isolate from 32 throat swabs of mumps patients in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. The phylogenetic analyses based on the 316 nucleotides of the small hydrophobic gene show that these sequences form ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Replacing the measles ten-dose vaccine presentation with the single-dose presentation in Thailand.   Vaccine, 29(21): 3811-7.

Introduced to minimize open vial wastage, single-dose vaccine vials require more storage space and therefore may affect vaccine supply chains (i.e., the series of steps and processes involved in distributing vaccines from manufacturers to patients). We developed a computational model of Thailand's Trang province vaccine supply chain to analyze the effects of switching from a ten-dose measles vaccine presentation to each of the following: a single-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (which ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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